This course traces the evolution of the international political order from the Peace of Westphalia (1648) to today's geoeconomic and climate-driven recompositions. It is organized around the major ruptures of world history (revolutions, wars, imperial collapse, decolonization, successive globalizations). It brings together three elements: power relations, political legitimacy, economic dynamics, while incorporating voices and trajectories often sidelined in classical narratives (Haiti, the Pan-African Congress, the Global South).
Objectives
- Identify the major ruptures in international order since 1648 and jointly analyze their political, economic, and ideological dimensions.
- Interrogate the blind spots of classical narratives by incorporating Global South and nonstate trajectories (Haiti, Bandung, the Pan-African Congress).
- Situate emerging powers and today's geoeconomic and climatedriven recompositions (China, multipolarity, fragmentation) within a long historical perspective.
- Critically analyze primary sources (treaties, speeches, declarations), distinguishing official argument from underlying power relations.
- Build comparative, crossperiod arguments, in both written and oral form, on an international relations question.
Group project (7 groups of 5): a strategic policy brief (4-6 pages) on a contemporary conflict or political crisis — Myanmar, Yemen, Sudan, Libya, Venezuela, Ukraine, Lebanon — analyzed through a common framework (historical roots, internal dynamics, regional powers, great powers, economic dimension), followed by an oral presentation (15 min + 10 min of questions).
Course Outline
Wesphalian treaty and birth of modern state
Revolution rights and exclusion
Restoration and the Balance of power
Industrial Power, new empires and the first globalization